Composición corporal, dermatoglifia y resistencia aeróbica en futbolistas bogotanos categoría sub 20 / Body Composition, Dermatoglyphics and Aerobic Resistance in Sub-20 Category Footballers from Bogota, Colombia

Resumen El fútbol como disciplina ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones que han permitido la potenciación de las cualidades de las personas deportistas para alcanzar el máximo rendimiento deportivo. El uso de nuevas herramientas ha permitido mejorar los procesos de selección de talentos y el desarrollo de las capacidades físicas, como es el caso de la dermatoglifia, que brinda información del genotipo de un individuo. El presente estudio pretende relacionar la composición corporal, la dermatoglifia y el consumo máximo de oxígeno en jugadores de fútbol categoría sub 20. La investigación fue cuantitativa, diseño no experimental, de tipo transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 22 futbolistas (edad 18 ± 1.1) de un club deportivo de Bogotá, a ellos se les realizó una valoración de composición corporal, se les calculó el somatotipo, se analizaron las huellas de las manos y se midió el consumo máximo de oxígeno con el Test Course Navette. Los resultados muestran predominio del somatotipo mesomorfo balanceado (53%), alta presencia de presillas "L" (66.36%), baja presencia de arcos "A" (1.82%) y un consumo máximo de oxígeno de 53.76 ± 3.73 ml/kg/min. Además, se encontraron relaciones significativas entre componentes dermatoglíficos D10-SCTL y el somatotipo endomorfo (p < 0.05), y entre el VO₂ máximo con somatotipo endomorfo y ectomorfo (p < 0.05). Se concluye que los futbolistas se caracterizan por tener una predisposición hacia la coordinación, la resistencia y la agilidad.

Abstract Soccer has generated endless research that has enhanced athlete's qualities to achieve maximum sports performance. According to the above, the use of new tools has been implemented to improve talent selection processes and develop physical abilities, as is the case with dermatoglyphics that provides information on an individual's genotype. The present study aims to relate body composition, dermatoglyphics, and maximum oxygen consumption in soccer players' category sub-20. The research had a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The sample comprised 22 players (age 18±1.1) from Bogota Sports Club, Colombia. They were assessed for body composition, the somatotype was calculated, handprints were analyzed, and the maximum oxygen consumption was measured with the Test Course Navette. The results show a predominance of balanced mesomorph somatotype (53%), high presence of "L" ridges (66.36 %), low presence of "A" arches (1.82%), and maximum oxygen consumption of 53.76±3.73 ml/kg/min. Furthermore, significant relationships were found between D10-SCTL dermatoglyphic components and the endomorph somatotype (p <0.05), and between the maximum VO₂ with endomorph and ectomorph somatotype (p <0.05). It is concluded that soccer players are characterized by having a predisposition towards coordination, resistance, and agility.

Resumo O futebol como disciplina tem sido objeto de inúmeras investigações que permitiram melhorar as qualidades dos desportistas para alcançar o máximo desempenho desportivo. A utilização de novas ferramentas tornou possível melhorar os processos de seleção de talentos e o desenvolvimento de capacidades físicas, como a dermatoglifia, que fornece informações sobre o genótipo de um indivíduo. O presente estudo visa relacionar a composição corporal, dermatoglifos e o consumo máximo de oxigênio nos jogadores de futebol sub-20. A pesquisa foi quantitativa, não-experimental e transversal. A amostra consistiu em 22 jogadores de futebol (18 ± 1,1 anos) de um clube desportivo de Bogotá, que foram submetidos a uma avaliação da composição corporal, foi calculado o somatotipo, foram analisadas as impressões digitais das mãos e foi medido o consumo máximo de oxigénio através do teste Course Navette. Os resultados mostram uma predominância do somatotipo mesomorfo balanceado (53%), presença elevada de presilha em "L" (66,36%), baixa presença de arcos em "A" (1,82%) e um consumo máximo de oxigênio de 53,76 ± 3,73 ml/kg/min. Além disso, foram encontradas relações significativas entre os componentes dermatoglíficos D10-SCTL e o somatotipo endomorfo (p < 0,05), e entre VO₂ máximo com somatotipo endomorfo e ectomorfo (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que os jogadores de futebol são caracterizados por uma predisposição para a coordenação, resistência e agilidade.

Photoacoustic tomography of fingerprint and underlying vasculature for improved biometric identification.

Capitalizing on the photoacoustic effect, we developed a new fingerprint sensing system that can reveal both fingerprints and underlying vascular structures at a high spatial resolution. Our system is built on a 15 MHz linear transducer array, a research ultrasound system, and a 532-nm pulsed laser. A 3D image was obtained by scanning the linear array over the fingertip. The acquired fingerprint images strongly agreed with the images acquired from ultrasound. Additional experiments were also conducted to investigate the effect of acoustic coupling. We discovered that high-quality fingerprint and vessel images can be acquired from both wet and dry fingers using our photoacoustic system. The reduced subdermal features in dry coupling can be enhanced through post-processing. Compared to existing fingerprint scanners, the photoacoustic approach provides a higher quality 3D image of the fingerprint, as well as unique subdermal vasculature structures, making the system almost impossible to counterfeit.

Estudo da assimetria corporal em praticantes de artes marciais através da baropodometria eletrônica / Estudio de la asimetría corporal en practicantes de artes marciales por medio de la baropodometria electrónica / Study of body asymmetries in martial arts practitioners through electronic baropodometry

OBJETIVO: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar e comparar os resultados das assimetrias, entre atletas de Jiu-jitsu e Muay-thai por médio da baropodometria. MÉTODO: Participaram deste estudo 15 atletas de Muay-thai, idade 29.4±6.3 anos, experiência no esporte 8.5±4.0 anos, massa corporal 77.8±12.5 Kg, altura 178.2±8.6 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 11.2±4.9 e 16 atletas de Jiu-jitsu, idade 32.2±4.5 anos, experiência no esporte 6.3±3.4 anos, massa corporal 80±9.6 kg, altura 176±5.2 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 10.5±2.1. A presente investigação realizou medidas da pressão dos pés numa plataforma Tekscan® versão 5.1, com os indivíduos na posição ortostática. Foram analisados o percentual de força, pico de força e força de pressão plantar. Para análise estatística foi aplicado o T Students para mostras independentes e para medir o nível de significância foi utilizado o Effect Size. RESULTADOS: Os atletas de ambas modalidades apresentaram valores médios semelhantes na avaliação por baropodometria apresentando diferenças significativas entre lado direito e lado esquerdo, com valores maiores no percentual de força, sendo o maior Effect Size no Muay-thai. CONCLUSÃO: A assimetria bilateral ocorreu entre os dois tipos de lutas, entretanto, com mais ênfase no grupo referente ao grupo Muay-thai, devido possivelmente ao uso constante de golpes com os pés tanto com o pé esquerdo, quanto o direito

OBJETIVO: investigar las diferencias de los resultados entre practicantes de Jiu-jitsu y Muay-thai utilizando la baropodometria como herramienta de evaluación. MÉTODO: participaron de este estudio 15 practicantes de Muay-thai, edad de 29.4±6.3años, experiencia en el deporte 8.5±4.0 años, peso corporal de 77.8±12,5, estatura de 178.2±8.6 cm y porcentaje de grasa de 11.2±4.9 y 16 atletas de Jiu-jitsu, edad 32.2±4.5 años, experiencia en el deporte 6.3±3.4 años, Peso corporal 80±9.6 kg, estatura 176±5.2 cm y porcentaje de grasa 10.5±2.1. Para el análisis de la presión plantar fue utilizado una plataforma de baropodometria Tekscan® versión 5.1, donde los participantes se posicionaban encima del equipo en una posición bípeda para los correspondientes análisis. Fueron analizados % fuerza, pico de fuerza, fuerza de presión. Para el análisis estadístico fue utilizado el test T de Students para muestras independientes y para medir elnivel de significancia fue utilizado Effect Size (ES). RESULTADOS: Los atletas de ambas modalidades presentaron valores parecidos en la evaluación por baropodometria, presentando diferencias significativas entre lado derecho y el lado izquierdo, con valores mayores en el % de fuerza, siendo el mayor Effect Size en el Muay-thai. CONCLUSIÓN: La asimetría bilateral sucedió entre los dos tipos de deportes, por lo tanto, con más énfasis en el grupo Muay-thai, debido posiblemente al uso constante de los pies para patear tanto con el pie izquierdo como el derecho

OBJECTIVE: the objective of this research was to analyze and compare the results of the asymmetries, by baropodometry between practitioners of Jiu-jitsu and Muay-thai. METHOD: 15 practitioners of Muay-thai age 29.4 ± 6.3years, sport experience 8.5±4.0 years, body weight of 77.8 ± 12.5kg, height 178.2 ± 8.6 cm and fat percentage of 11.2 participated in this study. ± 4.9 and 16 Jiu-Jitsu athletes, age 32.2 ± 4.5years, sport experience 6.3±3.4 years. body weight 80 ± 9.6 kg, height 176 ± 5.2cm and fat percentage 10.5 ± 2.1. The present investigation carried out measurements of the pressure of the feet in a platform of baropodometry Tekscan® versão 5.1, with the participants in an orthostatic position. They were analyzed% force, force peak, pressure force. For the statistical analyzes the T Students was used for independent samples and to measure or level of significance the Effect Size was used. RESULTS: The athletes of both modalities presented similar average values in the evaluation by baropodometry, presenting significant differences between right side and left side, with higher values in% strength, being the highest Effect Size in the Muay-thai. CONCLUSION: The bilateral asymmetry happened between the two types of sports, therefore, with more emphasis on the Muay-thai group, possibly due to the constant use of the feet when kicking with both the left foot and the right foot

Visualization of Latent Fingermarks by Enhanced Chemiluminescence Immunoassay and Pattern Recognition.

Herein we report the combination of enzyme-linked immunoassay and pattern recognition analysis for extracting both chemical and spatial information from latent fingermarks (LFMs). The development approach basically involves two steps, namely, specific recognition of protein and polypeptide secretions present in the ridge residues of LFMs by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibodies and the HRP-catalyzed chemiluminescent (CL) reaction between luminol and H2O2. The emitted light can spatially resolve the ridges, generating a bright image against the dark object surface for visualization of an LFM. Meanwhile, thanks to the molecular specificity of the immunoassay step, the emission also provides us additional information on the existence of specific substances in LFMs. The developed LFMs are further processed by a set of digital image processing procedures. Quantitative analysis based on minutia features shows that even poorly developed fingermarks can be matched successfully. This work offers the promise of facilitating cross-disciplinary studies between data-processing approaches and fingermark development techniques, such as the extraction of more information from LFM evidence, as well as the establishment of evaluation criteria for an enhancement technique.

Emotion fingerprints or emotion populations? A meta-analytic investigation of autonomic features of emotion categories.

The classical view of emotion hypothesizes that certain emotion categories have a specific autonomic nervous system (ANS) "fingerprint" that is distinct from other categories. Substantial ANS variation within a category is presumed to be epiphenomenal. The theory of constructed emotion hypothesizes that an emotion category is a population of context-specific, highly variable instances that need not share an ANS fingerprint. Instead, ANS variation within a category is a meaningful part of the nature of emotion. We present a meta-analysis of 202 studies measuring ANS reactivity during lab-based inductions of emotion in nonclinical samples of adults, using a random effects, multilevel meta-analysis and multivariate pattern classification analysis to test our hypotheses. We found increases in mean effect size for 59.4% of ANS variables across emotion categories, but the pattern of effect sizes did not clearly distinguish 1 emotion category from another. We also observed significant variation within emotion categories; heterogeneity accounted for a moderate to substantial percentage (i.e., I2 ≥ 30%) of variability in 54% of these effect sizes. Experimental moderators epiphenomenal to emotion, such as induction type (e.g., films vs. imagery), did not explain a large portion of the variability. Correction for publication bias reduced estimated effect sizes even further, increasing heterogeneity of effect sizes for certain emotion categories. These findings, when considered in the broader empirical literature, are more consistent with population thinking and other principles from evolutionary biology found within the theory of constructed emotion, and offer insights for developing new hypotheses to understand the nature of emotion. (PsycINFO Database Record

Optical Methods in Fingerprint Imaging for Medical and Personality Applications.

Over the years, analysis and induction of personality traits has been a topic for individual subjective conjecture or speculation, rather than a focus of inductive scientific analysis. This study proposes a novel framework for analysis and induction of personality traits. First, 14 personality constructs based on the "Big Five" personality factors were developed. Next, a new fingerprint image algorithm was used for classification, and the fingerprints were classified into eight types. The relationship between personality traits and fingerprint type was derived from the results of the questionnaire survey. After comparison of pre-test and post-test results, this study determined the induction ability of personality traits from fingerprint type. Experimental results showed that the left/right thumbprint type of a majority of subjects was left loop/right loop and that the personalities of individuals with this fingerprint type were moderate with no significant differences in the 14 personality constructs.

Sexual dimorphism in dermatoglyphic traits and fluctuating asymmetry in Bulgarians from northeast Bulgaria.

In parallel with the development of dermatoglyphics as a method of identification, data have been accumulated on the characteristics of fingerprints related to sex and ethnic origin which make up the statistical basis of this study. The aims of the present study are to determine phenotype variations in the asymmetry of dermatoglyphics in both sexes within the scope of the entire hand skin ridge system; to investigate correlations between the phenotypes; and, to assess the fluctuating asymmetry among the Bulgarian population from the region of northwest Bulgaria. The sample consists of 894 unrelated, clinically healthy individuals (480 females and 414 males) aged 18-50 years, who live in towns and villages in the northwest provinces. Finger and palmar prints were collected using rolled print (inked) method. Twenty dermatoglyphics variables of fingers and hands, separately for right and left hands and jointly for both hands, were statistically assessed. The material was processed by SPSS 12 software. The results of the present study show distinctive sexual differences. Higher values in males are recorded in finger ridge counts, the Furuhata and Cummins indices, the palm ridge counts and the overall ridge counts in all interdigital areas. Males have higher frequency values in patterns Hy, Th/III and Th/IV.

Palmprint Recognition Based on Complete Direction Representation.

Direction information serves as one of the most important features for palmprint recognition. In the past decade, many effective direction representation (DR)-based methods have been proposed and achieved promising recognition performance. However, due to an incomplete understanding for DR, these methods only extract DR in one direction level and one scale. Hence, they did not fully utilize all potentials of DR. In addition, most researchers only focused on the DR extraction in spatial coding domain, and rarely considered the methods in frequency domain. In this paper, we propose a general framework for DR-based method named complete DR (CDR), which reveals DR by a comprehensive and complete way. Different from traditional methods, CDR emphasizes the use of direction information with strategies of multi-scale, multi-direction level, multi-region, as well as feature selection or learning. This way, CDR subsumes previous methods as special cases. Moreover, thanks to its new insight, CDR can guide the design of new DR-based methods toward better performance. Motived this way, we propose a novel palmprint recognition algorithm in frequency domain. First, we extract CDR using multi-scale modified finite radon transformation. Then, an effective correlation filter, namely, band-limited phase-only correlation, is explored for pattern matching. To remove feature redundancy, the sequential forward selection method is used to select a small number of CDR images. Finally, the matching scores obtained from different selected features are integrated using score-level-fusion. Experiments demonstrate that our method can achieve better recognition accuracy than the other state-of-the-art methods. More importantly, it has fast matching speed, making it quite suitable for the large-scale identification applications.

[The specific ethnic and territorial peculiarities of the papillary patterns on the fingers of the Russians, Kyrghyz and Uzbeks]. / Étnoterritorial'nye osobennosti papilliarnykh uzorov pal'tsev ruk russkikh, kirgizov i uzbekov.

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the specific ethnic and territorial peculiarities of the papillary patterns on the fingers of the Russians, Kyrghyz, and Uzbeks for the development of the criteria for the purpose of differential diagnostics. The materials for the analysis included the fingerprint cards obtained from 3570 Russians, 118 Kyrghyz, and 73 Uzbeks (men at the age from 14 to 25 years). We compared the data on the occurrence of different types of the papillary patterns. The significance of the differences was estimated with the use of the Student t-test. The comparative analysis of the papillary patterns showed that the Russians had the largest number of the arch patterns (8.2%) in their fingerprint cards whereas the Uzbeks had the lowest number (3.7%) of such patterns. The whorl patterns most frequently occurred in the fingerprint cards of the Kyrgyz (36.9%) whereas relatively few Russians exhibited this pattern (22.3%). Statistically significant differences were documented between the samples from the Russian and the Kyrgyz as well as from the Russians and the Uzbeks (p<0.01) whereas the difference between the Kyrgyz and the Uzbeks was insignificant (p>0.05). The list of 20 informative signs of the greatest diagnostic value is compiled taking into consideration the hand (right or left) and the sequential position of each finger. It is shown that the use of these signs makes it possible to distinguish between the «Russian¼ and «Kyrgyz¼ («Uzbek¼) papillary patterns on several fingers. Because the diagnostically significant combinations of the signs are known to occur but rarely, it is necessary to continue the search for the additional diagnostic traits in order to extend the sphere of practical applicability of the proposed method.

Influencia de la práctica deportiva sobre la huella plantar en atletas españoles / Influence of sport practice on the footprint in Spanish athletes

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la asociación entre el entrenamiento de atletas con las características de cada pie. Se midieron y compararon las huellas plantares de tres grupos de deportistas (28 velocistas, 29 fondistas, 47 nadadores) y de 67 sujetos no entrenados (GC). Para la captura de parámetros plantares se empleó una plataforma de escaneado podálico Podoscanalycer®. El índice podálico, metatarsal, medio podálico, y calcáneo fue inferior en GC respecto a corredores de velocidad, fondo, y nadadores (p<0.001). El riesgo relativo de tener un pie cavo o un tipo de pié específico por pertenecer a una determinada modalidad atlética no resulto significativo (todos p>0.05). Se concluye que los años de entrenamiento y la edad en atletas españoles no se asocian significativamente con la curvatura y tipología del pie ni sobre ningún índice plantar específico. Sin embargo, sexo e IMC se asocia significativamente con los índices plantares según la modalidad atlética (AU)

The aim of the present study was to determine the association between athletic training and characteristics of each foot. Plantar foot print of three groups of athletes (28 sprinters, 29 distance runners, 47 swimmers) and 67 sedentary subjects (CG) were measured and compared. A scanning platform breech Podoscanalyzer was employed to obtain plantar pressure measurements. The breech, metatarsal, middle breech, and calcaneus index, were lower in CG compared to sprinters, long-distance runners, and swimmers (p<0.001). The relative risk of having a cavus foot or any specific type of foot as a result of practicing a particular athletic discipline was not significant (all p>0.05). We conclude that the years of training and the age are not significantly associated neither with the curvature and the type of the foot nor with any specific plantar arch index in Spanish athletes. Nevertheless, sex and BMI are significantly associated with the plantar arch indexes according to the athletic discipline (AU)

[The age-specific features of palm dermatoglyphics in the adults subjects].

This article was designed to consider the congenital age-specific features of palm dermatoglyphics in the adults subjects (including the type of the papillary patterns, axial tri-radii, the termini of palmar main lines, the rudiments of palmar lines, the dermatoglyphic ridge count between the stable anatomical structures). The objective of the study was to look for the new diagnostic markers of the biological age. It included the identification of the palm prints obtained from 180 Caucasoid men and 120 women at the age varying from 16 to 80 years. The results of the mathematical and statistical analysis provided the basis for drawing up the list of 18 attributes of palm dermatoglyphics significantly (p<0.05) differing in the frequency of occurrence between the representatives of individual age groups. The methods are proposed allowing to use these findings for the expert evaluation of the age of unknown subjects.

Sex determination from fingerprint ridge density and white line counts in Filipinos.

Fingerprints are distinct physical characteristics that remain unchanged throughout an individual's lifetime. This study derived Filipino-specific probability formulae from fingerprints to be used for sex discrimination in human identification cases. Ridge density from three different areas - distal radial area, distal ulnar area, and proximal area - as well as white line counts from fingerprints of 200 male and 200 female Filipinos were collected and analyzed statistically. Ridge densities of radial and ulnar areas emerged as displaying significant differences between the sexes, with 16ridges/25mm(2) or more in radial area and 15ridges/25mm(2) or more in ulnar area being more likely to be female, whereas 13ridges/25mm(2) or less in radial area and 12ridges/25mm(2) or less in ulnar area were more likely to be male. A white line count of 0 was more likely to be male while a white line count of 2 or more was more likely to be female. The results of this study show sex differences in Filipino fingerprints and support the observation of previous studies that females have finer ridges than males.

Análisis de la huella plantar en escolares de 8 a 10 años / Analysis of the footprint in school age of 8-10 years old

Los problemas biomecánicos en los niños, es un tema de mucho auge en la actualidad, existiendo controversia en distintos ámbitos como son, la presencia de huella aplanada en la mayor parte de los niños o la hiperlaxitud articular ligada a dolor musculoesquelético. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar qué tipo de huella plantar es más frecuente en niños de 8 a 10 años escolarizados en el área de Plasencia. Para ello se tomó como muestra 50 niños, de los cuales 28 eran varones y 22 hembras. A todos los sujetos del estudio se les realizó una evaluación de la huella plantar en estática, así como una exploración de distintos parámetros a través de la inspección en bipedestación (fórmula digital, retropié). Así, los resultados muestran que la huella excavada está presente en un 72% de los casos de la población. El 16% era perteneciente a una huella excavada en la que encontramos relación con un mayor porcentaje de peso. Para la fórmula digital encontramos que la más frecuente es el pie egipcio en un 40% de los casos y que el predominio en cuanto al retropié, es un retropié normal. Con respecto a la hiperlaxitud articular comprobamos que es más frecuente en niñas y que ninguna de ellas presenta una asociación al dolor musculoesquelético. Como línea futura podría establecerse un estudio más exhaustivo con nuevas técnicas y valorando la estática y la dinámica del niño, para así tener un estudio más exacto de las diferentes variables estudiadas en la muestra de población (AU)

Biomechanical problems in children, is an important subject currently, existing controversy in different areas, for example, the majority of children have a flattened footprint, or the hypermobility joint is linked to a musculoskeletal pain. The objective of the study was to determine what kind of footprint is most frequent in school-age children (8-10 years) in the area of Plasencia. This was taken as a sign 50 children, of whom 28 were males and 22 females. All the subjects in the study underwent an assessment of footprint planted in static as well as an exploration of different parameters through inspection in a standing position (formula digital, rearfoot). The results show that excavated footprint is present in a 72% cases of the population, 16% was belonging to an excavated footprint in which we find a higher percentage of weight related. For the digital formula we find that the most common is the Egyptian foot by 40% of the cases and that the prevalence in the rearfoot, is a normal hindfoot. In relation with the hypermobility joint, we check that it is more common in girls and that none of them presents an association to musculoskeletal pain (AU)

Efficient internal and surface fingerprint extraction and blending using optical coherence tomography.

Optical coherence tomography provides a 3D representation of fingertip skin where surface and internal fingerprints are found. These fingerprints are topographically identical. However, the surface skin is prone to damage, distortion, and spoofing; and the internal fingerprint is difficult to access and extract. This research presents a novel scaling-resolution approach to fingerprint zone detection and extraction. Furthermore, a local-quality-based blending procedure is also proposed. The accuracy of the zone-detection algorithm is comparable to an earlier work, yielding a mean-squared error of 25.9 and structural similarity of 95.8% (compared to a ground-truth estimate). Blending the surface and internal fingerprints improved the National Institute of Science and Technology's Fingerprint Image Quality scores and the average maximum match scores (when matched against conventional surface counterparts). The fingerprint blending procedure was able to combine high-quality regions from both fingerprints, thus mitigating surface wrinkles and anomalous poor-quality regions. Furthermore, spoof detection via a surface-to-internal fingerprint comparison was proposed and tested.

Detection and Rectification of Distorted Fingerprints.

Elastic distortion of fingerprints is one of the major causes for false non-match. While this problem affects all fingerprint recognition applications, it is especially dangerous in negative recognition applications, such as watchlist and deduplication applications. In such applications, malicious users may purposely distort their fingerprints to evade identification. In this paper, we proposed novel algorithms to detect and rectify skin distortion based on a single fingerprint image. Distortion detection is viewed as a two-class classification problem, for which the registered ridge orientation map and period map of a fingerprint are used as the feature vector and a SVM classifier is trained to perform the classification task. Distortion rectification (or equivalently distortion field estimation) is viewed as a regression problem, where the input is a distorted fingerprint and the output is the distortion field. To solve this problem, a database (called reference database) of various distorted reference fingerprints and corresponding distortion fields is built in the offline stage, and then in the online stage, the nearest neighbor of the input fingerprint is found in the reference database and the corresponding distortion field is used to transform the input fingerprint into a normal one. Promising results have been obtained on three databases containing many distorted fingerprints, namely FVC2004 DB1, Tsinghua Distorted Fingerprint database, and the NIST SD27 latent fingerprint database.

Towards Contactless, Low-Cost and Accurate 3D Fingerprint Identification.

Human identification using fingerprint impressions has been widely studied and employed for more than 2000 years. Despite new advancements in the 3D imaging technologies, widely accepted representation of 3D fingerprint features and matching methodology is yet to emerge. This paper investigates 3D representation of widely employed 2D minutiae features by recovering and incorporating (i) minutiae height z and (ii) its 3D orientation φ information and illustrates an effective matching strategy for matching popular minutiae features extended in 3D space. One of the obstacles of the emerging 3D fingerprint identification systems to replace the conventional 2D fingerprint system lies in their bulk and high cost, which is mainly contributed from the usage of structured lighting system or multiple cameras. This paper attempts to addresses such key limitations of the current 3D fingerprint technologies bydeveloping the single camera-based 3D fingerprint identification system. We develop a generalized 3D minutiae matching model and recover extended 3D fingerprint features from the reconstructed 3D fingerprints. 2D fingerprint images acquired for the 3D fingerprint reconstruction can themselves be employed for the performance improvement and have been illustrated in the work detailed in this paper. This paper also attempts to answer one of the most fundamental questions on the availability of inherent discriminable information from 3D fingerprints. The experimental results are presented on a database of 240 clients 3D fingerprints, which is made publicly available to further research efforts in this area, and illustrate the discriminant power of 3D minutiae representation and matching to achieve performance improvement.

Identificación de sexo mediante queiloscopia en Santander, Colombia: una herramienta para la medicina forense. Estudio inicial / Sex determination by cheiloscopy in Santander, Colombia: A tool for forensic pathology. First study

Fundamento. En Colombia no existen estudios previos acerca de los patrones queiloscópicos más frecuentes en la población, lo que impide el uso de esta herramienta, que ha evidenciado grandes utilidades en la identificación personal, para la medicina forense. Método. Estudio transversal donde se tomó y analizó la impresión labial de 60 estudiantes de la Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, 30 hombres y 30 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 25 años, sin diferencias étnicas o raciales de importancia. Resultados. Los patrones más prevalentes en el sexo femenino fueron: tipo v (36,6%), tipo i’ (26,6%) y tipo i (13,3%). En la población masculina, el patrón más frecuente fue el tipo i’ (40%), seguido por el tipo i en 5 casos (16,6%). La impresión labial correspondiente al tipo ii fue la que menos se encontró en el total de la población evaluada (5%), mientras que la tipo i’ fue la que más se presentó en la población total (33,3%). Conclusiones. El uso de la queiloscopia como método de identificación para determinar el sexo de un sospechoso en la escena del crimen es un método útil y que se debe implementar dentro del estudio forense. En el presente estudio se encontraron tendencias distintas en el patrón de cada sexo. Se requiere establecer las características propias de la impresión labial de cada población, por lo que se recomienda realizar más investigaciones no solo en Colombia, sino en todo lugar en el cual se desee implementar esta herramienta (AU)

Background. In Colombia no previous research has been carried out to know the lip prints patterns more prevalent on population, thereby preventing the use of this tool for forensics, which has shown great utility in personal identification. Method. At a regional level, by a cross-sectional descriptive study we studied the lip prints of 60 students of the Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia. We included 30 men and 30 women between 18 and 25 years old without significant ethnic or racial differences. Results. The prevalent patterns in the women's group were type v (36.6%), type i’ (26.6%) and type i (13.3%). In the men's group the first one was type i’ (40%), then type i (16.6%). We found that the lip print type ii was the less prevalent (5%), and type i’ was the most prevalent in Colombian population (33.3%). Conclusions. Cheiloscopy like a tool for sex determination in forensic pathology in a criminal scene it is a useful method because some differences between sexes were found. However, it is necessary to establish the features of lip prints in each population, therefore we recommend to carry out more research in Colombia and the rest of the world where this tool could be useful (AU)

Dermatoglyphic variation among the Limboo of Sikkim, India.

Variations in finger and palmar dermatoglyphic patterns are investigated among the Limboo (18-60 years, 150 males and 150 females), a little known population of Sikkim. The results for Limboo were compared with other North-East Indian populations. The most commonly occurring pattern was loop (males: 64.33%; females: 75.00%) followed by whorl (males: 31.00%; females: 21.33%) and finally arch (males: 4.67%; females: 3.66%). There were no significant differences between sexes in pattern types. The overall values of pattern intensity (P.I.I.), Dankmeijer's (D.I.) and Furuhata's (F.I.) indices were 14.08, 12.60 and 96.06 respectively. The P.I.I. was within the range for East Asian populations of North-East India. The D.I. was similar to those reported for Rajbanshi, Kalita, Rabha and Newar populations, while F.I. was higher than in other populations of Eastern Himalaya and North-East India. The most frequently occurring mainline formulae in all palm prints (left and right combined) were 7.5'.5.- followed by 9.7.5.- and finally 11.9.7.- (p>0.05) and these were similar to the reported values for other North-eastern populations of India. The mean values of total finger ridge count (TFRC) and absolute finger ridge count (AFRC) were greater among males (138.03; s=42.26 and 198.78; s=77.4) than females (137.91; s=44.15 and 194.47; s=86.71). The a-b ridge count was greater among females than males. Sex differences in AFRC and a-b ridge count were both statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean TFRC values were within ranges for populations of North-East India. Cluster analysis based on P.I.I., D.I. and F.I. shows affinity of the Limbo to some of the populations of Assam and North-East India.

Fingerprint Liveness Detection in the Presence of Capable Intruders.

Fingerprint liveness detection methods have been developed as an attempt to overcome the vulnerability of fingerprint biometric systems to spoofing attacks. Traditional approaches have been quite optimistic about the behavior of the intruder assuming the use of a previously known material. This assumption has led to the use of supervised techniques to estimate the performance of the methods, using both live and spoof samples to train the predictive models and evaluate each type of fake samples individually. Additionally, the background was often included in the sample representation, completely distorting the decision process. Therefore, we propose that an automatic segmentation step should be performed to isolate the fingerprint from the background and truly decide on the liveness of the fingerprint and not on the characteristics of the background. Also, we argue that one cannot aim to model the fake samples completely since the material used by the intruder is unknown beforehand. We approach the design by modeling the distribution of the live samples and predicting as fake the samples very unlikely according to that model. Our experiments compare the performance of the supervised approaches with the semi-supervised ones that rely solely on the live samples. The results obtained differ from the ones obtained by the more standard approaches which reinforces our conviction that the results in the literature are misleadingly estimating the true vulnerability of the biometric system.